The growth and fertility of pistachio trees depends on nitrogen and its deficiency limits the growth and production of the crop. The main role of nitrogen in pistachios is the production of plant proteins.
Among the symptoms of nitrogen deficiency in pistachios are yellowing of old leaves, reduction of vegetative growth, shrinking of leaves, narrowing of newly grown branches and reduction of the diameter of branches and reduction of the number of seeds in the cluster, reddening of the skin and veins and petiole, sprouting. It is pistachio. In autumn, they fall faster than usual, and the seeds become lighter and lighter. Damghan pistachios
At the beginning of nitrogen deficiency in pistachios, the leaves take on a dark red color, and in the advanced stage they are completely covered and fall off early. Deficiency symptoms begin primarily in old leaves, branches are shortened, and leaves become small. According to the age of the tree and the structure of the soil, 1-3 kg of triple phosphate super fertilizer can be given to each tree.
The soils of the area where pistachios grow are mostly limestone. Therefore, nitrogen acid fertilizers should be used. According to the age of the tree and the characteristics of the soil in February, between 2-5 kg of ammonium sulfate fertilizer should be given to the crown plan, the bag or halo should be well mixed with the soil. According to soil and leaf analysis that should be done in pistachio.
The role of phosphorus in pistachio tree growth
Phosphorus plays an active role in cell division and, due to its role in ATP, has been shown to be effective in plant energy as well as in RNA-DNA structures. It is one of the elements that moves very slowly in soil and is stabilized by soil particles. As a result, phosphorus fertilizers should be applied near the roots and the fertilizer should not be mixed with the soil to avoid its loss and inactivation. In conditions of phosphorus deficiency, the purple leaves of the branches, the branches become thinner, the leaves are dark green. There is also a drop in the lateral branches of the pistachio tree.
Especially in calcareous soils with high pH, plants can hardly use phosphorus. To form the pistachio fruit, the plant needs sufficient nutrition. As it is known, irregular fruiting (intermittent) and lack of pistachio products are among the most important problems in aquaculture.
As a result of insufficient and balanced plant nutrition, problems such as incomplete plant development, low yield and low quality are encountered. There are many studies that show that periodicity (irregular performance) in pistachios is related to plant nutrition.
Pistachios that grow in poor, barren and water-deficient areas need to be fertilized. Fertilization that is done on time and according to the technique helps a lot in the development of pistachio, increases the yield. In fertilizing, decomposition of soil and leaves is necessary. Accordingly, the deficiencies must be addressed.
There are many studies that show that irregular performance in pistachio cultivation is related to plant nutrition. Fertilizing pistachio growing in poor, barren and water-deficient areas by nutrients is essential.
pistachio tree
The role of potassium in pistachio tree growth
The role of potassium in plants is to help absorb water and facilitate the opening and closing of leaf openings. The consumption of potassium in pistachios also increases the percentage of laughter and reduces osteoporosis. In the absence of potassium in the pistachio plant, the resistance of plants against pests and diseases decreases. The leaf margin is upward and the leaf margin shows brown burn.
Potassium deficiency
The number of fruit buds on the branches decreases or disappears completely. In pistachios, the symptoms of potassium deficiency are usually observed first on the old leaves. Because in case of deficiency, newly formed young leaves are supplemented with potassium from old leaves. Deficiency symptoms first appear on the edges and ends of many plants. The edges of the leaves first turn yellow, then the color in these parts becomes dark brown.
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The role of calcium in pistachio tree growth
Calcium plays a very important role in the growth and development of roots in pistachio trees. When the amount of calcium in the soil is low, the roots will not grow much and consequently the aerial parts of the leaves will not have much vegetation. Growth and reproduction in pistachio trees with calcium deficiency is impaired, the young leaves near the end of the branch are wrinkled and the tips of the leaves and their margins are from the top or bottom of the tube.
Pistachio
zinc deficiency
If the zinc deficiency is not too severe, it only affects the leaves, but the branch growth continues normally. But if the deficiency is severe, the growth of the branch stops completely.
pistachio tree
Boron deficiency
Since boron deficiency in pistachios primarily damages the growth points of plants, plant growth is very slow. Leaves and branches break easily, take a clear structure. If the deficiency is too severe, the growth points die and growth stops completely. Flowers are prevented from forming fruit, ringed, thick, dark blue-green leaves are prevented.
pistachio tree
According to the nutritional needs of pistachio, NPK liquid and powder fertilizers, urea phosphate, zinc sulfate, potassium sulfate, calcium acetate and liquid calcium can be suggested. Also, for calcareous soils, liquid sulfur can be recommended both to supply liquid sulfur and its potash (provided by Cinco company) and to supply poisons for pest control.
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