N-Nitrogen: The lack of nitrogen causes the old leaves to become pale and then turn yellow, and if the nitrogen deficiency is severe, the whole plant will turn yellow. Another symptom of nitrogen deficiency is the increase of secondary and narrow roots and stretching of the plant stem.
P-Phosphorus: Phosphorus deficiency causes the leaves to become small, thin and purple (first the old leaves), reduce germination, reduce root growth and delay flowering.
K-Potassium: Potassium deficiency causes yellowing between the veins of the leaves and browning of the edges of the leaves, twisting of the edges of the leaves (first of all, old leaves), creating purple spots on the lower surface of the leaves, and finally, plant growth and root growth are reduced.
MG-Magnesium: Magnesium deficiency causes yellowing between the veins and the remaining green veins (first in old leaves), the appearance of red and brown spots on the leaf blade, the bending of the edge of the leaves upwards and the reduction of growth and weakening of the plant.
MO_Molybdenum: The lack of molybdenum causes the plant to stay short, the color of the leaves change from dark green to light green and yellow, the edge of the leaves bend upwards, and due to the intensification of the deficiency, the margins of the leaves are lost.
ZN_Zinc: Zinc deficiency causes a decrease in the number of buds and their non-blooming, causes spots on the leaves and between the veins, leaves become small and wavy, young leaves fall and tree bark becomes brittle.
CU_Copper: Copper deficiency causes the leaves to remain small, the color of young leaves to change to bluish-green, the leaves to wrinkle and wither, the leaves to fall, and ultimately lead to a delay in flowering.
MN_Manganese: Manganese deficiency causes yellowing of the interveinal areas of young leaves. And plant height growth is reduced. As a result of increasing manganese deficiency, brown spots may appear on the surface of the leaf.
FE_Iron: iron deficiency causes yellowing of the leaves of the plant despite the presence of green veins, and if the deficiency worsens, the yellow leaves sometimes turn white. Other symptoms are weak plant growth and yellowing and falling of young leaves.
S-Sulphur: Sulfur deficiency causes paleness and shortness of the plant, narrowing of the stem, reduction of the leaf surface and the number of leaves. In addition, the lower surface of the leaves and the tail part of the leaves get a reddish color.
CA-Calcium: Calcium deficiency is more common in young leaves. These symptoms include twisting, spotting, burning of the leaf tip, and deformed and tuberous leaves, and it even causes the death of the terminal bud of the plant.
B- Boron: Boron deficiency causes the young leaves to become pale and thin, and the leaves and stems at the tip of the plant become fragile and sensitive and easily break when bent.
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