Rice

Rice is a plant from the cereal family with the scientific name Oryza sativa, which is the main food of Iranian people.

rice cultivation
Land selection stage
Lands that have independent water intake and drainage system and are fertile are suitable for rice cultivation.

Land preparation stage
Including the preparation of the treasury and the preparation of the main land

Treasury preparation
The place of the treasury should have sunlight, access to water, proper drainage, free from weed and soil pathogens.

The treasury should be prepared in the form of a stack with a maximum length of 20 meters and a maximum width of 2 meters.

The main land preparation stage
First plowing: three weeks before planting

Second plowing: with a tiller or tractor for flowering, two weeks before planting

The third plowing: along with paddling and leveling the land

Seed selection
Paddy seed must be healthy, whole and pure. The following points should be taken into consideration.

1- The field must be completely ripe.

2- The seeding place must be free of weeds.

3- The seeds should never be obtained from the edge of the fields because there is a mixing of the seeds of the clusters due to the proximity with another variety.

4- Varieties outside the type (Dalek) should be completely removed before the emergence of clusters and flowering.

5- The farm should be free from common diseases.

6- The preparation of seeds through clustering or using a thresher must be healthy, clean and free from other seeds and weeds.

7- The thresher must be adjusted so as not to break the seed and peel it.

8- The best humidity level is 14%.

9- The storage warehouse must be ventilated and dry.

Treasury planting stage
Density: about 100-150 grams per cubic meter is enough. It varies slightly based on the variety. For the hybrid variety, 50 grams per square meter is suitable.

Area: For each hectare of rice cultivation, 250 to 300 square meters of useful storage is needed and it is recommended in the form of piles (stations).

Fertilization: Urea and triple superphosphate in the amount of 2-2.5 kg and potassium sulfate 1-1.5 kg per 100 square meters of the tank.

All triple superphosphate and potassium sulfate fertilizers along with 0.5 kg of urea fertilizer should be applied to the ground and mixed with the soil before the last step of preparing the tank.

Spraying: using fungicides such as Hinozan and Bim (1 in 1000 solution) the tank was sprayed.

Spraying the treasury: If the seedlings in the treasury show symptoms of diseases such as brown spot and blast, the treasury can be sprayed by managing nutrition or using fungicides such as Hinozan and Bim (one in a thousand solution).

Box vault: If dry soil is used for the bed of the box vault, when preparing the soil, add 2 grams of urea, triple superphosphate and potassium sulfate fertilizers to the soil of each box.

The steps were rice
Irrigation: In the 3-leaf stage, it is necessary to aerate the plant step by step, especially on hot days, and adapt the seedling to natural weather conditions.

Aeration: Usually, the humidity of the flower is sufficient for germination.

Fertilization: The remaining urea fertilizer should be used in one to two times as a root, with the reminder that the time interval between the last time of root application and transplanting the seedling to the main land should be at least one week or more.

Fight against weeds: After the treasury is ready for sowing, water is introduced in the plots to a height of 2-3 cm and the herbicide recommended for plant preservation is spread on the desired surface. After 3-4 days, the plots are drained and the plots are washed with water for 4-5 hours and then the seeds are sprinkled. If you see weeds in the stage of 3-4 leaves, it is better to fight with weeds manually.

The steps of cultivating the main land
Fertilizing in the field: All cultivars need 20 kg of urea to produce one ton of paddy, provided that the straw is not removed and not burned after harvesting rice.

15 kg of triple superphosphate is recommended for each ton of paddy.

chemical fertilizer
For each ton of paddy, 25 kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer is needed if the straw is removed from the field. If the straw remains in the field and is mixed with the soil, about 10 kg of potassium sulfate is needed to produce each ton of grain yield.

Irrigation
One month of flooding and the rest of the period periodically

In the first month, the constant presence of water at the base of the plants helps control the growth of weeds and possible changes in the ambient temperature, and reduces blast disease.

Fighting weeds
Biological: release of ducks

Chemical: After the treasury is ready for sowing, sprinkle water at a height of 2-3 cm

and 6 cc of Bentocarp or Butachlor herbicide is sprinkled for 10 square meters of the treasury. In order to fight against Sorov weed, weeding can be done by hand, or propanil herbicide can be used in the 2-3 leaf phase in the amount of 10-12 cc in 300 cc of water to spray 10 square meters of the treasury. To fight weeds in the main field before planting, Top Star herbicide should be used in the amount of 3.5-3 liters per hectare 3-5 days before planting.

Rice harvesting stage
Cutting off water and drying the paddy field

About 20 days after transplanting, you can stop watering.

harvest
Harvesting can be done by hand or with a combine. By hand, in order to reduce moisture, collecting and threshing must be done at least 24 hours later, and in harvesting with a combine, the seeds must be aerated in a suitable place after threshing or immediately entered the dryer to reduce moisture. When about 85-90% of the cluster turns yellow. In local cultivars, flowering can be harvested 20-30 days later, depending on the climatic conditions of the province.

Among the fertilizers that are produced in Yadnegar Structures Company (Cinco) and can be used for rice.

Zinc acetate, zinc sulfate, urea phosphate, potassium sulfate are complete NPK fertilizers.